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Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It is the world’s second largest country by total area and shares land borders with the United States.

Canada is a geographically vast and ethnically diverse country with its two official languages being English and French. With a population estimated around 33.2 million, Canadian culture has been greatly influenced by immigration from all over the world. Many Canadians value multiculturalism and see Canadian culture as being inherently multicultural. It is no surprise that Canada has the highest per capita immigration rate in the world. A foreigner can become a resident in Canada for tax purposes if he stays more than 183 days in the jurisdiction within any tax year.

Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and trade—particularly with the United States. Not only is Canada one of the world’s wealthiest nations, with a high per-capita income, it is one of the world’s top 10 trading nations. It is one of the few developed nations that are a net exporter of energy. Atlantic Canada has vast offshore deposits of natural gas and large oil gas resources that are centered in Alberta. The vast Athabasca Tar Sands give Canada the world’s second largest oil reserves behind Saudi Arabia. Since the early 1990’s and its participation in the US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and then in 1994 in the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Canadian economy has been growing rapidly with low unemployment and large government surpluses on the federal level.